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Problem Solving

Problem Solving questions make up approximately 65-70% of the Quantitative section (24-25 questions out of 37). These questions measure your quantitative reasoning ability in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry by presenting a series of multiple-choice problems in either plain math format or more complex word/sentence form.

Key Characteristics of Problem Solving Questions​

  1. Format: Each question presents a problem followed by five answer choices (A through E)

  2. Content: Questions test your knowledge of:

    • Basic arithmetic operations
    • Algebraic expressions and equations
    • Geometric principles and formulas
    • Word problems requiring translation into mathematical expressions
    • Data interpretation from charts or graphs

  3. Diagrams: Some questions include diagrams, but be careful - they are not always drawn to scale unless explicitly stated

Strategic Approach to Problem Solving​

1. Read Carefully​

  • Read the entire question before starting calculations
  • Identify what the question is actually asking for
  • Note any constraints or special conditions

2. Assess Your Options​

Before diving into calculations, consider which approach will be most efficient:

  • Direct calculation: For straightforward problems
  • Backsolving: When answer choices are simple numbers (see The Three Techniques)
  • Assigning values: For problems with variables or percentages
  • Drawing/visualization: For word problems or geometry questions

3. Work Efficiently​

  • Don't overcomplicate simple problems
  • Use the answer choices to your advantage
  • Estimate when appropriate to eliminate obviously wrong answers
  • Remember that all numbers used are real numbers unless otherwise specified

4. Common Pitfalls to Avoid​

  • Unit confusion: Always check that your answer is in the correct units
  • Calculation errors: Double-check arithmetic, especially under time pressure
  • Misreading: Make sure you answer what's being asked (e.g., x² not x)
  • Scale assumptions: Never assume diagrams are to scale unless stated

Problem Solving vs. Data Sufficiency​

Unlike Data Sufficiency questions, Problem Solving questions require you to actually solve for a specific value or expression. You must:

  • Perform all necessary calculations
  • Arrive at one specific answer
  • Select from the five given choices

Time Management Tips​

  1. Aim for 2 minutes per question on average
  2. Don't get stuck - if a question is taking too long, make an educated guess and move on
  3. Use the "Two-Pass" strategy:
    • First pass: Answer all questions you can solve quickly
    • Second pass: Return to harder questions with remaining time
  4. Never leave questions blank - there's no penalty for wrong answers

Practice Strategy​

When practicing Problem Solving questions:

  1. Start untimed to build accuracy and understanding
  2. Identify patterns in question types you find difficult
  3. Review wrong answers to understand your mistakes
  4. Gradually add time pressure as you improve
  5. Practice with official GMAT questions whenever possible

Remember: Problem Solving questions test concepts you likely learned in high school. The challenge isn't the math itself, but rather:

  • Recognizing which concept to apply
  • Working accurately under time pressure
  • Avoiding trap answers designed to catch common mistakes

The key to success is consistent practice with a focus on both accuracy and efficiency.